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[Music]

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I thinks the introduction see I'm a

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winking fellow at the University of

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Warwick so I feel like I just need one

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more stylized w like a symbol at the

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bottom of my screen that so I'm working

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on it

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see I'm talking today about the climate

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mapping of exoplanet work I've been

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doing so I want to start off with a nice

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picture of Jupiter

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although not quite as nice as some of

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the ones we saw this morning those a

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really brilliant update these two this

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talk a little bit no reason I'm starting

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here is because you can see to you but

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there is a dynamic and interesting and

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very variable object across the whole of

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the disk and there if when independent

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cloud formations and dynamics going on

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that really the point I'm trying to make

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is that planets are not points so why do

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we treat them in X upon us as if they

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are we quite often talk about a singular

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equilibrium temperature for a planet a

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singular abundance of a certain element

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and really it doesn't make sense to talk

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about finances points because they are

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of course like dynamic and interesting

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objects just like you did on one way the

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planets are not one-dimensional is in

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their velocity field so I've just

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brought up a plot from showman at bell

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2012 which shows this is a planet of

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looking in is a trend looking in on a

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planet as it transits or the expanded

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out the atmosphere so this is how the

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velocity field of the planet's

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atmosphere would look to an observer in

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here so you can see you've got this

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classic equatorial jet and also some

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polar flow coming towards you as well so

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there's this large blue ship coming

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towards you so planets are certainly not

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one-dimensional in their velocity field

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and there's a lot more you can get out

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of these predictions from these models

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and I feel like this talk is called

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place now because you just had an hour

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of hearing about all of this from

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remember Lee so that was a really good

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introduction for me so thank you very

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much so these models predict not a lot

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about their dynamics at the planet

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atmosphere so they make specific and

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testable predictions about the velocity

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field and about the presence of clouds

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and all sorts of other things but how do

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you test this in real life and to do

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that you're going to need some form of

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spatial resolution so this is why Emily

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was talking about the the spatial

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scanning during secondary Eclipse that's

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one way of doing it

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and that you need

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you need some way of spatially resolving

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the exit point atmosphere and what I

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really want to do is do this during

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transmission because transmission is

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what my specialty is what I'm interested

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in so is there a way to break down the

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spatial resolution of the planet during

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primary transit so as the planet moves

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in front of the star so it's gonna spend

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a portion of its time with only one limb

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in front of the star there's a little

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bit of dark maybe you can see this star

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in the background there and at the

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beginning of the transit the planet is

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only one limb is over the star and as

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you go food with transit you have a

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center where the whole thing is covered

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and then the other end of the transit

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the other limb of the planet is now

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transiting and the other ones off the

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star so throughout the transi you're

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gonna have a differential weighting of

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what parts of the planet atmosphere of

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being having your transmission spectrum

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from as a function of time so can you

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use this to probe the two limbs

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independently so there's a problem of

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course there always is I mean

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spectroscopy is complicated and

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difficult and you've got the you've got

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issues with the velocity field of

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everything else in the system so the

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planet is moving the earth is moving

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with respect to the planet you're

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looking at and the star itself is

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rotating so this is the rasta McLoughlin

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effect where the velocity of the star

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they are passing over as a function of

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time is changing so this can contaminate

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your transmission spectrum so it's

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something that you have to take into

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account

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there's absorption in the Earth's

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atmosphere of course so for example if

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you're looking at sodium like I like I

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will be the Earth's atmosphere has

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sodium as well and it also has water

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features near the sodium feature so you

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have to take into account the the

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transmission of the Earth's atmosphere

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but luckily the solution is it is high

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resolution spectroscopy so because

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you've got all of these different

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velocities if you look at it with a high

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enough resolution spectrograph then the

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the velocities all separate out the

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features and the changes in time so pre

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how the features and you can quite

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easily separate out the bits they are

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interested in the bits the annoying

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trusted him but you have to take care of

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the model incorrectly so I did a study

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on history one eight nine seven pre

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freebie a couple years back and so this

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was to see if this technique was viable

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whether you

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scan the limb of the planet as it

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transits so I am taking me all of these

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things into account it was possible that

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you could separate out the eastern and

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western limb contributions and I was

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looking specifically if the absorption

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from sodium and seeing how the velocity

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of this absorbed sodium line changes as

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a function of time and I found that you

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could separate out their velocity from

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the eastern and western limbs to

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actually you find on the trailing or

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western limb you have a lot a of about

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500 meters per second coming towards you

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and on the other side 2 kilometers per

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second going away so you have this this

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rotation of the planet and eastward just

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as predicted in the models that if you

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average that out to bring it down to one

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dimensional point again you get an

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average of a two kilometer blue shift

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and this is very similar to what's now

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that's now found in 2010 when they

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looked at 82 or nine four five maybe now

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they didn't spectrally resolve it like I

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did they just looked at this singular

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one dimensional point and they got minus

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two kilometers per second so it looks

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like you can this two point of the

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second if you break it out you start

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seeing this equatorial jet and the

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sexual rotation and this is a very close

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map to the kind of velocities and also

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the asymmetry in the velocities that

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were expected from theory so this is a

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bottom that thing is gone at the bottom

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there's another clock from German I

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think so the velocity signal is is

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higher in the blue shift because you've

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also got this polar region coming

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towards you as well so where to go next

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from here so I've known now from this

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technique works and I want to extend

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this analysis to more hot Jupiters also

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to search for trends in wind velocity

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increase the spatial resolution a little

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further and expand from certain to over

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absorbers and also one thing that really

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bugged me the last time around is my

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plots apparently weren't very photogenic

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for pleasing to some of the press

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releases and I got this wonderful quote

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from the register that my graphics were

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charmingly crew

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so that's kind of bugged me for years

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and I okay I just want to I want to

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correct the record and make some

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nice-looking plots to demonstrate this

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effect in the future so the base but I'm

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going to use to do this with is

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spider-man so some of you may have heard

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of this this is the previous project I

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worked on it's for mapping mapping

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exoplanets during phase curve and and

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transit lands and secondary flip

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scanning if I think I should get some

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sort of award for the most convoluted

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acronym ever all backronym where I'll be

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you can just sort of see it over top

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there so it's the secondary Eclipse and

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phase of integrated booty temperature

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mapping just about works so spider-man

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is the base but I did get into a little

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bit of issues with the editor of the

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journal where they were worried that

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there might be a copyright claim for

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Marvel so far okay so my next project

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I'm looking now at transmission

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spectroscopy I should be a bit more

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careful with my name selection so I

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thought you know the dividing line

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between the light and dark that's that's

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a good start so that is the Terminator

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there's no way that anyone is going to

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get this confuse of any sort of cultural

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reference so I don't have to worry about

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getting in trouble

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anyway so yeah the basic outline of the

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code is it works in the same way that

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spider-man death which is an analytical

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with geometric integrate there so but it

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simply the planet that you're looking at

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is split out into a small mm-hmm into a

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small number of a segments and then you

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go through and you see as a function of

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time what portion of the segment is

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covered up by the star and you can

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calculate this exactly and analytically

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so it means you can make the code very

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fast which means that you can do

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retrievals with it so in this example in

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the top right K you see the planet is

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represented by this orange disc and the

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star is a blue disc and then in you've

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got these exact geometric shapes that I

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mark down between you can calculate the

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area's very quickly so in terminator you

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can you can set up the phlume

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architecture however you like

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so here i have an example of jupiter

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where i've split up so you have these

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enhanced velocity regions around the

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attack

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toriel yet and then the rest of the

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planet is represented by two polar

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regions so you can set up however you

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like and you can put different velocity

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fields in these sections for broadening

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the via the transmission spectrum how do

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you like of course you've got to worry

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about the star so the limb darken has to

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be taken into account so I have a I have

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a full stellar model underneath that the

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transit spectrum so you can correctly

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calculate the effects of the star this

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also means that you take into account

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things like the center to limb variation

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in stellar lines so you have this issue

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where where the trans musician where the

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limb darkening changes as you go through

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a spectral line so the limb darkening in

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the middle of the spectral line is

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different to the limb darkening outside

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the spectral line so if you have a if

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you have a planet moving with a

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differential velocity and it goes

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basically the limb darkening that it's

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experiencing changes as a function of

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time so you have to take that into

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account and it looks people to go the

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rest of McLoughlin effect so the star

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enemy has a velocity field have had it

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as well so people all this together I've

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got a short movie here you can see the

276
00:10:05,490 --> 00:10:02,800
planet moving in both the input velocity

277
00:10:07,260 --> 00:10:05,500
and flux space and any moment now as it

278
00:10:08,790 --> 00:10:07,270
comes in front of the star you can see

279
00:10:10,770 --> 00:10:08,800
the transmission spectrum on the bottom

280
00:10:13,050 --> 00:10:10,780
left starts to change and you'll start

281
00:10:15,630 --> 00:10:13,060
seeing the sodium feature come in and

282
00:10:17,190 --> 00:10:15,640
then on the VG gets deeper you've got a

283
00:10:18,180 --> 00:10:17,200
contamination from the star and also

284
00:10:20,580 --> 00:10:18,190
from the planet's atmosphere in this

285
00:10:22,890 --> 00:10:20,590
example and then on the right is just a

286
00:10:24,690 --> 00:10:22,900
trail plot so it's showing this in two

287
00:10:27,030 --> 00:10:24,700
dimensions so time is moving from top to

288
00:10:29,580 --> 00:10:27,040
bottom so all these effects are taken

289
00:10:33,150 --> 00:10:29,590
into account in the model so I went back

290
00:10:34,650 --> 00:10:33,160
and it worked by analyzing the same

291
00:10:36,510 --> 00:10:34,660
dataset that I did initially in my pilot

292
00:10:39,060 --> 00:10:36,520
study so hey do you wanna nice having

293
00:10:40,350 --> 00:10:39,070
proofread B again now this time all of

294
00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:40,360
the stellar effects are taking properly

295
00:10:44,130 --> 00:10:42,010
into account in ways that they weren't

296
00:10:45,270 --> 00:10:44,140
necessarily the first time around but I

297
00:10:48,060 --> 00:10:45,280
found that this did not significantly

298
00:10:49,920 --> 00:10:48,070
affect my results in this instance so

299
00:10:53,850 --> 00:10:49,930
the velocity stayed pretty similar to

300
00:10:56,430 --> 00:10:53,860
what I reported before so there's a blue

301
00:10:59,220 --> 00:10:56,440
shift coming towards you from the from

302
00:11:01,560 --> 00:10:59,230
the days from the west side and a red

303
00:11:03,390 --> 00:11:01,570
shift moving away on the eastern side so

304
00:11:05,040 --> 00:11:03,400
that's all the same and I'll be

305
00:11:07,140 --> 00:11:05,050
reporting with you

306
00:11:09,570 --> 00:11:07,150
and then I moved on and I want to look

307
00:11:10,770 --> 00:11:09,580
at another planet and I wanted to try

308
00:11:13,200 --> 00:11:10,780
something a bit different as well

309
00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:13,210
so what's 49 B is another good testbed

310
00:11:17,520 --> 00:11:14,800
scenario because it's a but this

311
00:11:19,380 --> 00:11:17,530
enormous extremely deep sodium signal so

312
00:11:21,180 --> 00:11:19,390
I've putted it to scale the bottom left

313
00:11:22,470 --> 00:11:21,190
there you can see the atmosphere which

314
00:11:24,630 --> 00:11:22,480
is highlighted in red and blue for the

315
00:11:26,340 --> 00:11:24,640
velocity field if the radius of the

316
00:11:28,470 --> 00:11:26,350
atmosphere is as big as the radius of

317
00:11:30,090 --> 00:11:28,480
the planet itself so this is an enormous

318
00:11:32,370 --> 00:11:30,100
more like an exosphere really been

319
00:11:35,280 --> 00:11:32,380
announced there so there's this huge big

320
00:11:38,820 --> 00:11:35,290
feature which was reporting wooden back

321
00:11:41,010 --> 00:11:38,830
adele 2017 and so is it possible to not

322
00:11:42,750 --> 00:11:41,020
only separate out the equatorial jet but

323
00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:42,760
also to separate out and get another

324
00:11:46,980 --> 00:11:45,010
sore point in your spatial resolution

325
00:11:50,070 --> 00:11:46,990
and separate out the polar regions from

326
00:11:52,320 --> 00:11:50,080
the equatorial regions so I updated my

327
00:11:54,570 --> 00:11:52,330
model a little bit and so I've now got

328
00:11:57,360 --> 00:11:54,580
three velocities so there's a velocity

329
00:11:58,680 --> 00:11:57,370
for the trailing and leading equatorial

330
00:12:00,720 --> 00:11:58,690
regions of the planet and then a

331
00:12:03,120 --> 00:12:00,730
singular polar velocity which is for the

332
00:12:04,560 --> 00:12:03,130
North and South Poles and I applied this

333
00:12:06,560 --> 00:12:04,570
to the model and I did a Bayesian

334
00:12:08,760 --> 00:12:06,570
retrieval and I found that you get a

335
00:12:10,950 --> 00:12:08,770
significantly improved bit I'm having

336
00:12:12,720 --> 00:12:10,960
this velocity component so now I find

337
00:12:14,310 --> 00:12:12,730
that there in this case there's a

338
00:12:16,050 --> 00:12:14,320
trailing and leading velocity for this

339
00:12:17,700 --> 00:12:16,060
planet of both about four kilometers per

340
00:12:19,500 --> 00:12:17,710
second so moving the way in towards you

341
00:12:22,230 --> 00:12:19,510
you also get this separate blue-shifted

342
00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:22,240
polar region moving towards you at one

343
00:12:25,410 --> 00:12:24,010
kilometer per second and if you remember

344
00:12:26,760 --> 00:12:25,420
back to the beginning where I showed

345
00:12:28,320 --> 00:12:26,770
those plots from the theory papers

346
00:12:29,760 --> 00:12:28,330
that's pretty much exactly what was

347
00:12:32,400 --> 00:12:29,770
expected was that you would have this

348
00:12:34,020 --> 00:12:32,410
polar flow which come which ends up

349
00:12:36,140 --> 00:12:34,030
together with the actual Jets to get

350
00:12:39,600 --> 00:12:36,150
there the full signal together full

351
00:12:41,070 --> 00:12:39,610
velocity space as a function of time so

352
00:12:43,830 --> 00:12:41,080
you can see that it's the model as well

353
00:12:46,650 --> 00:12:43,840
and the bottom left there this is just a

354
00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:46,660
single frame so there are there are 40

355
00:12:50,700 --> 00:12:48,610
individual exposures over three nights

356
00:12:52,620 --> 00:12:50,710
and this data set and you can see that

357
00:12:54,900 --> 00:12:52,630
the sodium signal is visible and well

358
00:12:56,700 --> 00:12:54,910
fitted in in just one of these 40 frames

359
00:12:58,800 --> 00:12:56,710
igg measurement imagine the amount of

360
00:13:00,660 --> 00:12:58,810
extra day to be effectively from doing

361
00:13:04,050 --> 00:13:00,670
this 40 times and that's whether the

362
00:13:05,460 --> 00:13:04,060
power of this fit comes from so to put

363
00:13:08,160 --> 00:13:05,470
this in context I just want to pipe burn

364
00:13:10,080 --> 00:13:08,170
a nice pot from : commissary 2018 so

365
00:13:12,180 --> 00:13:10,090
this is a lot where I want to add more

366
00:13:15,330 --> 00:13:12,190
points to effectively because it's a

367
00:13:17,430 --> 00:13:15,340
it's looking at how the expected

368
00:13:18,689 --> 00:13:17,440
velocity of dekotora changes as a

369
00:13:20,850 --> 00:13:18,699
function of

370
00:13:22,679 --> 00:13:20,860
different drank mechanisms so this is

371
00:13:25,889 --> 00:13:22,689
what Emily was talking about how the the

372
00:13:28,799 --> 00:13:25,899
drag is affecting the velocity VC and

373
00:13:31,889 --> 00:13:28,809
that affects both the offset of hot

374
00:13:34,109 --> 00:13:31,899
spots but also the the boss T's that I

375
00:13:36,090 --> 00:13:34,119
can measure and so I see that in this

376
00:13:38,340 --> 00:13:36,100
case I Cornwall sporty freebie now is a

377
00:13:41,699 --> 00:13:38,350
yellow point and the other two points

378
00:13:44,789 --> 00:13:41,709
are 39 and 189 so that 189 is the one

379
00:13:46,410 --> 00:13:44,799
that I measured earlier so that's only

380
00:13:48,900 --> 00:13:46,420
three points here now I want to add a

381
00:13:50,729 --> 00:13:48,910
few more and that should be able to

382
00:13:52,710 --> 00:13:50,739
really is you imagine putting in more

383
00:13:54,239 --> 00:13:52,720
planets in different different regions

384
00:13:56,160 --> 00:13:54,249
of the parameter space they're going to

385
00:13:57,989 --> 00:13:56,170
be able to distinguish between the shear

386
00:14:00,329 --> 00:13:57,999
and instability model and the magnetars

387
00:14:01,650 --> 00:14:00,339
and the magnetic drag model so this will

388
00:14:03,629 --> 00:14:01,660
really allow you to look at different

389
00:14:06,689 --> 00:14:03,639
physical mechanisms for a dragon next

390
00:14:08,489 --> 00:14:06,699
one atmospheres and finally I just

391
00:14:11,939 --> 00:14:08,499
wanted to do a little advertisement for

392
00:14:13,769 --> 00:14:11,949
Diana so Donna Powell is leading a

393
00:14:14,789 --> 00:14:13,779
project which I've been working on with

394
00:14:18,139 --> 00:14:14,799
her recently

395
00:14:20,699 --> 00:14:18,149
so there's actually this really nice

396
00:14:23,159 --> 00:14:20,709
cloud model farik's of Planet search is

397
00:14:25,319 --> 00:14:23,169
a full micro physical model and she's

398
00:14:28,350 --> 00:14:25,329
done she's resolved around the limb of

399
00:14:29,879 --> 00:14:28,360
the planet their different cloud the

400
00:14:31,710 --> 00:14:29,889
different cloud covering fractions you

401
00:14:32,850 --> 00:14:31,720
get there's a function of Lingle so

402
00:14:36,059 --> 00:14:32,860
you've got this inhomogeneous kiled

403
00:14:38,460 --> 00:14:36,069
model and what I want you to this is to

404
00:14:40,949 --> 00:14:38,470
show how this signal would actually be

405
00:14:44,369 --> 00:14:40,959
observable as a function of time in a

406
00:14:45,840 --> 00:14:44,379
JWT transit so you can use Terminator to

407
00:14:47,189 --> 00:14:45,850
put different amounts of clouds on the

408
00:14:50,669 --> 00:14:47,199
two different sides of the planet coming

409
00:14:53,249 --> 00:14:50,679
from the model and then that if you're a

410
00:14:55,309 --> 00:14:53,259
time variable signal in a JWST transit

411
00:14:57,419 --> 00:14:55,319
which would lie to constantly detect

412
00:14:59,400 --> 00:14:57,429
inhomogeneous clouds but you want to

413
00:15:01,829 --> 00:14:59,410
talk about that more then go speak to

414
00:15:03,509 --> 00:15:01,839
Diana she's got a poster up today or is

415
00:15:05,489 --> 00:15:03,519
it two or is it the next session

416
00:15:07,979 --> 00:15:05,499
tomorrow it'll be up at some point so go

417
00:15:09,569 --> 00:15:07,989
chat to her about this so yeah I will

418
00:15:11,069 --> 00:15:09,579
just leave my conclusions up on the

419
00:15:19,229 --> 00:15:11,079
screen and I'll finish there so thank

420
00:15:25,119 --> 00:15:23,199
thanks so much Tom it's very amazing so

421
00:15:27,460 --> 00:15:25,129
I'm looking at the room for a lot of

422
00:15:32,859 --> 00:15:27,470
funds to raise please raise your hand if

423
00:15:39,129 --> 00:15:32,869
you want to ask questions okay okay show

424
00:15:40,449 --> 00:15:39,139
me share so for what 49 what is the

425
00:15:41,969 --> 00:15:40,459
pressure of the room that you're

426
00:15:45,609 --> 00:15:41,979
measuring do you have an idea of

427
00:15:48,069 --> 00:15:45,619
pressure linen it's gonna be lowered and

428
00:15:51,069 --> 00:15:48,079
or below the Milly bar it's it's it's

429
00:15:54,539 --> 00:15:51,079
way up in this exosphere so I yeah I

430
00:15:59,619 --> 00:15:54,549
don't have an exact Sager phase very low

431
00:16:02,019 --> 00:15:59,629
anymore so please don't forget to tell

432
00:16:04,479 --> 00:16:02,029
your name is the institution before

433
00:16:06,369 --> 00:16:04,489
asking a question Adam Sherman

434
00:16:07,869 --> 00:16:06,379
University of Arizona this is a really

435
00:16:10,089 --> 00:16:07,879
interesting I was curious to ask about

436
00:16:11,679 --> 00:16:10,099
data sets I Mazar recollect from your

437
00:16:13,479 --> 00:16:11,689
paper a few years ago you used harps and

438
00:16:14,679 --> 00:16:13,489
were looking at the sodium d-line and I

439
00:16:17,769 --> 00:16:14,689
was just curious to get your take on

440
00:16:20,619 --> 00:16:17,779
that versus like the cry res like really

441
00:16:23,109 --> 00:16:20,629
you know sort of near-infrared and then

442
00:16:24,639 --> 00:16:23,119
I guess also you didn't use cross

443
00:16:26,469 --> 00:16:24,649
correlation just because you're the line

444
00:16:29,799 --> 00:16:26,479
is so huge and committee users comment

445
00:16:32,289 --> 00:16:29,809
on that issue as well yeah that's one of

446
00:16:35,199 --> 00:16:32,299
them one of the advantages of working in

447
00:16:37,419 --> 00:16:35,209
the optical with with the sodium line is

448
00:16:38,649 --> 00:16:37,429
it's a very deep singular line you don't

449
00:16:41,589 --> 00:16:38,659
have to use cross correlation for

450
00:16:43,629 --> 00:16:41,599
unnecessarily and telluric contamination

451
00:16:45,189 --> 00:16:43,639
isn't as bad and isn't in the air

452
00:16:46,509 --> 00:16:45,199
infrared so there's there's a lot of

453
00:16:48,099 --> 00:16:46,519
things which should help you when

454
00:16:49,719 --> 00:16:48,109
looking at this one specific line and

455
00:16:51,639 --> 00:16:49,729
there's definitely possible to do in the

456
00:16:53,769 --> 00:16:51,649
infrared as well so I mean is your take

457
00:16:54,759 --> 00:16:53,779
that is there a preference of one versus

458
00:16:56,619 --> 00:16:54,769
the other or does it depend on the

459
00:16:58,389 --> 00:16:56,629
system or like how would you kind of

460
00:17:01,929 --> 00:16:58,399
judge that I would say it probably does

461
00:17:03,309 --> 00:17:01,939
depend some extent on the system the in

462
00:17:04,449 --> 00:17:03,319
some ways it is easier to use optical

463
00:17:07,749 --> 00:17:04,459
right now all the instruments we have

464
00:17:09,879 --> 00:17:07,759
it's not there's nothing stopping it

465
00:17:12,879 --> 00:17:09,889
being done in red it's something I'm

466
00:17:16,659 --> 00:17:12,889
looking in thank you

467
00:17:20,649 --> 00:17:16,669
any more questions because to and then I

468
00:17:23,139 --> 00:17:20,659
think we're gonna be done I just have a

469
00:17:24,970 --> 00:17:23,149
small question what's the lower limit of

470
00:17:26,799 --> 00:17:24,980
the wind speed that can be detected

471
00:17:27,730 --> 00:17:26,809
using these techniques

472
00:17:29,770 --> 00:17:27,740
what

473
00:17:31,740 --> 00:17:29,780
limits on a lower limit of the wind

474
00:17:35,560 --> 00:17:31,750
speed on the planet

475
00:17:37,570 --> 00:17:35,570
they said the arrow bars and I'm getting

476
00:17:39,310 --> 00:17:37,580
so it's probably probably about you

477
00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:39,320
could confidently detect sound to about

478
00:17:43,360 --> 00:17:41,570
a kilometer per second really any any

479
00:17:44,590 --> 00:17:43,370
lower than that and that that's pretty

480
00:17:46,660 --> 00:17:44,600
much the limit with the error bars I

481
00:17:48,310 --> 00:17:46,670
currently have but with with large

482
00:17:48,700 --> 00:17:48,320
telescopes new instrumentation to do

483
00:17:50,380 --> 00:17:48,710
that better

484
00:17:52,510 --> 00:17:50,390
so the LT you could go a bit lower

485
00:17:59,669 --> 00:17:52,520
expecting so with Part C how about me to

486
00:18:04,390 --> 00:18:02,500
Erica s University of Hawaii I guess for

487
00:18:07,870 --> 00:18:04,400
was forty nine be sort of continuing on

488
00:18:11,830 --> 00:18:07,880
the Adams query or I sure I think it was

489
00:18:15,610 --> 00:18:11,840
Michelle do we actually expect

490
00:18:17,830 --> 00:18:15,620
equatorial flow to continue up to the

491
00:18:21,010 --> 00:18:17,840
level where we see these extended

492
00:18:23,260 --> 00:18:21,020
atmospheres I am a little surprised yeah

493
00:18:25,750 --> 00:18:23,270
actually the flow structure is preserved

494
00:18:28,480 --> 00:18:25,760
at that level and then you can punt it

495
00:18:32,980 --> 00:18:28,490
that's I honestly I have the same

496
00:18:34,360 --> 00:18:32,990
question I don't know why this level in

497
00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:34,370
NamUs where I'm actually not sure what

498
00:18:42,260 --> 00:18:36,050
is expected but that's what I've